Posts Tagged ‘choice menus’
The Future Belongs to the Curious: How Are We Bringing Curiosity Into School?
What is curiosity? The word is associated with the irregular form of the Latin verb cura, which can mean worry or care about or cure. The word closest in meaning is inquisitive, which also has a Latin root: quaere, to search into, to seek. (How Can Teachers Foster Curiosity?)
Curiosity is the quest for new ideas and information. Folks who are curious aren’t satisfied with what they already know or have figured out. They go after what they don’t know or can’t understand—and that missing information can become a driving need to find out. “Curiosity’s most distinguishing characteristic is its open willingness to explore….” (Cultivating Curiosity in Our Students as a Catalyst for Learning)
The future belongs to the curious . . .
A recent research study found a connection between curiosity and deep learning:
The study revealed three major findings. First, as expected, when people were highly curious to find out the answer to a question, they were better at learning that information. More surprising, however, was that once their curiosity was aroused, they showed better learning of entirely unrelated information that they encountered but were not necessarily curious about. Curiosity may put the brain in a state that allows it to learn and retain any kind of information, like a vortex that sucks in what you are motivated to learn, and also everything around it. Second, the investigators found that when curiosity is stimulated, there is increased activity in the brain circuit related to reward. Third, when curiosity motivated learning, there was increased activity in the hippocampus, a brain region that is important for forming new memories, as well as increased interactions between the hippocampus and the reward circuit. (How curiosity changes the brain to enhance learning)
So what are we doing (or not doing) in our educational institutions to encourage and spark the curiosity of learners?
Curiosity is inherently dynamic and propulsive, not sedentary and passive. Most traditional instruction depends on the latter state and seeks to control the former. This is true especially of the interrupting student or precocious child who wanders about, ignoring the lesson while remaining intent on some mission of his or her own.
The only rational answer to the conundrum of curiosity is to disengage our educational system from standardized testing and common curricula. Curiosity does not hold up well under intense expectation. Give agency to teachers, with the explicit message to slow down and provide students time to wonder and be curious. Counter-intuitively, our role as teachers is not to provide answers. Our role is to give time and free rein to inherent curiosity and questions, and let our students exist in the heightened state of hungering for knowledge. (How Can Teachers Foster Curiosity?)
In this era of overly scripted, overly tested, overly controlled students AND teachers, there seems to be little or no room for curiosity at school. So what is the cost of curiosity-void schools? The result , way too often, is a school culture of malaise rather than a culture of curiosity, engagement, excitement and joy for learning. Educators along with their administrators need to be agents of their own teaching and bring curiosity into their classrooms especially if they have the slightest belief that the future belongs to the curious.
What follows are some strategies for allowing curiosity to flourish in the learning environment:
- Acknowledge and model your own curiosity as an educator.
- Bring lots of “What ifs” into the learning environment.
- Find out what learners wonder about.
- Have learners develop their own curiosity-driven questions.
- Embrace and provide the time and setting for unstructured play, exploration, tinkering (for all ages).
- Do curiosity projects.
Acknowledge and model your own curiosity as an educator.
The first and possibly the most significant action that educators can take is tapping into the curiosity of their students is to find, embrace and use their own curiosity as an integral part of their teaching strategies.
The power of modeling and social learning cannot be overstated.
When researchers invite children into a room containing a novel object, they find that children are very attuned to the feedback of adults. When the experimenter makes encouraging faces or comments, children are more likely to explore the interesting object. Experiments I’ve done show that children show much more interest in materials when an adult visibly shows how curious he or she is about the materials. In other words, children’s curiosity can be fostered or squelched by the people they spend time with. (The Case for Curiosity)
Bring lots of “What ifs” into the learning environment.
“What ifs” are defined, in this case, as what could be, what is possible. It is about possibility thinking. “What ifs” open doors to curiosity, imagination, and divergent thinking. A classroom filed with “what ifs,” generated by both the educator and the learners, is open to all kinds of possibilities. It is not constrained by what it but is becomes a place where thinking centers on what could be.
Find out what learners wonder about.
Micheal Wesch, the acclaimed digital ethnography professor from Kansas State University, had this to say about wonder:
What is needed more than ever is to inspire our students to wonder, to nurture their appetite for curiosity, exploration, and contemplation, to help them attain an insatiable appetite to ask and pursue big, authentic, and relevant questions, so that they can harness and leverage the bounty of possibility all around us and rediscover the “end” or purpose of wonder, and stave off the historical end of wonder.
I’ve developed and implemented a What Do I Wonder About? activity that I’ve done both 1st graders, 5th graders, and even college students. I observed 100% engagement by all aged learners. Other wonder activities can be found at 4 Ways to Cultivate a Sense of Wonder (And Why it’s Important).
Not only do activities like these assist the educator in discovering what their learners wonder about, they give learners the message that what they wonder about it important and valued.
Have learners develop their own curiosity-driven questions.
Wesch believes that a sense of wonder and curiosity is nourished by learning to ask and pursue big, authentic, and relevant questions. The great educational philosopher Paulo Freire agrees with the power of the question and its direct relationship to curiosity:
I believe in the pedagogy of curiosity. That’s why I defend the pedagogy of the question and not of the answer. The pedagogy of the question is the one that is based on curiosity. Without that pedagogy there would not be a pedagogy that augments that curiosity. (The Future of School)
There seems to be lots of educational writings about how educators can use effective questioning techniques in the classroom. But these are the questions that are of interest to the teacher; that are composed and asked by the teacher. These questions may tap into the interests and curiosities of their learners, but they are may not. If educators really have a desire to open up the channels of curiosity in their learning environment, they will facilitate helping learners develop their own curiosity-driven questions. As I discussed in Learners Should Be Developing Their Own Essential Questions:
If the true goal of education is inspiring students with a lifelong capacity and passion for learning, it is at least as important that students be able to ask the right question as it is to know the right answer. (Learning To Ask The Right Question)
Embrace and provide the time and setting for unstructured play, exploration, tinkering (for all ages).
As formal educational settings have evolved (seems a bit like a misnomer), there has also been less time blocked off for unstructured play, exploration, and tinkering. It seems that most Kindergarten through graduate school education have added more and more instructional time during each day leaving less time to just play.
Everywhere we turn these days we find pundits and politicians arguing for more restrictive schooling. Of course they don’t use the word “restrictive,” but that’s what it amounts to. They want more standardized tests, more homework, more supervision, longer school days, longer school year. (Learning Requires Freedom)
If learners of all ages had more time to just play, then their natural curiosities would emerge:
Whatever happened to the idea that children [and the rest of us] learn through their own free play and exploration? Every serious psychological theory of learning, from Piaget’s on, posits that learning is an active process controlled by the learner, motivated by curiosity.
If we stop to think about it, that the most valuable lessons we have learned are not what we “learned in kindergarten,” nor what we learned in courses later on. They are, instead, the lessons that we learned when we allowed ourselves the luxury of following through on our own interests and our own drives to play, fully and deeply. (Learning Requires Freedom)
Do curiosity projects.
Educators can even do a guided curiosity project with their learners. If educators want more detailed directions or a template for bring a curiosity project into their classrooms, see https://goo.gl/8HgZ7s written and implemented by Scot Hoffman.
It is a miracle that curiosity survives formal education. It is, in fact, nothing short of a miracle that the modern methods of instruction have not entirely strangled the holy curiosity of inquiry. — Albert Einstein
Let’s change this! Let’s bring curiosity based learning into more formal education to help learners belong in the future of curiosity.
Visual Note-Taking
As should be the case, there is ongoing discussion among educators about the skills that should be taught to their learners. One such skill is note-taking. Note-taking is typically classified as a study skill and taught as it has been through the history of institutionalized education – the outline.
When I started researching brain-compatible learning (see neuroscientist John Medina’s Vision Trumps All Other Senses), I was exposed to the mind-map as a tool for organization, comprehension, and note-taking. Mind-maps have several benefits:
http://www.visual-mapping.com/2011/05/study-shows-key-benefits-of-mind.html
. . . and according to Giulia Forsythe:
As Temple Grandin says, “the world needs all kinds of minds.” and some of those minds “think in pictures”. Doodling is a form of external thought that allows you to visualize the connections you are making while thinking. In the conscious mind, doodling can assist concentration and focus but even in the unconscious mind, while doodling and day dreaming connections are made. As Steven Johnson says, the “mind’s primordial soup” can lead to “serendipitous collisions of creative insight”. Doodling has allowed connections to be made between people and ideas, the magical space between. These aspects can lead to better problem solving. By sharing my thinking through visual means, my most important connections have been to people, by way of sharing my perceptions of their ideas, presentations and words back to them.
The purpose of this post is to encourage educators of learners of all ages to their students how to take visual notes. By providing learners with the skills to do so, this adds choice for how they take notes and process information. What follows are some videos and articles that provide rationale and instructional tips for visual note taking.
Additional Resources:
Reading: A Natural Human Phenomenon Given the Right Conditions
The written word is a fairly new development in human evolution given the history of humankind. Even so, it has become a common and natural way of communication for a lot of people in our current times. School curriculum often presents reading and writing as a forced, unnatural skill to be acquired through hard work.
As an elementary student, I was required to do the requisite book reports. I wasn’t interested in the books I was told to read. I learned how to creatively tweak the book cover summaries to write these reports – receiving A’s and B’s for books never read.
Fast forward to 9th grade. I don’t know how but somehow I picked up Kurt Vonnegut’s Cat’s Cradle and was hooked into reading. Reading became my survival to my painful and boring high school experiences. I would bring books of my choosing into class, would hide them in the class textbooks and joyful escape into the worlds of these books. Without any prompting or direction, I located and read many of the books by the following authors during high school (note the following are direct links to websites dedicated to that author):
Fast forward – today. We have seen this natural drive to read by this current generation of youth through the Harry Potter and Twilight series. I recently asked a group of about 25 sixth graders if they liked to read and received a resounding, “No!” I then asked if they had read Harry Potter and most had.
So I get frustrated when I read about all these formalized and structured ways to teach reading (and have a gut-level, nauseous reaction to discussions around Success For All and Reading First). I understand that many kids do not have the skills and motivation to independently locate books of personal interest, but I do believe that one of the responsibilities of educators (of all content areas) is to provide learners with reading recommendations.
This past year, I started reading YA novels, finding them intelligent, engaging, and thought provoking. I believe if kids are introduced to the choice menu of these and similar books, then kids will become naturally interested in reading. Some recommendations I would offer (if I was teaching middle or high school) include:
- The Hunger Games Series
- Uglies Series
- Maze Runner Series
- Ship Breaker
- Life as We Knew It Series
- Delirium
- Matched
- Flip
- House of Scorpion
- Looking for Alaska
- The Adoration of Jenna Fox
This is just my own list. Imagine if educators and young adults shared all of their favorite books and discussions about these books became the norm in English classes.
Technology and social networking have the potential to increase interest and engagement in learning. A few years ago I taught gifted education for elementary students. Philip, a charismatic and sports-driven young man, said he was not interested in reading because he did not like the books the teachers gave him to read. I introduced the class to Shelfari.
I don’t know what it was about this Web 2.0 tool but Philip totally took off, becoming motivated to read and add books of his choosing to his Shelfari. These can be viewed at http://www.shelfari.com/phillip12/shelf.
I am waiting for the day that the guiders and managers of education realize that forced education does not become lifelong learning.
The Scale of the Universe in the Classroom
Student-centric learning puts the educator in the role of an ethnographer. In the role of ethnographer, the educator studies the learners – both individually and as a group. The educator can then offer a menu of learning activities based on what is discovered about the learners. Because of technology and the Internet, this menu can be composed some rich and exciting learning delicacies. The learning environment operates in a similar manner as a food cooperative (the ideals of a cooperative, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochdale_Principles)
The Size of the Universe
A few years ago, I worked with gifted 3rd through 5th graders in a pull-out program. What I learned about them, as a group, was a general attraction to science and especially, space and space exploration. I also learned that as much as they loved technology (I had a small computer lab and integrated technology into the curriculum) that when given a choice they would choose hands-on activities over technology. So with that in mind, we began our second year together with an activity, The Thousand Yard Model or, The Earth as a Peppercorn.
The kids talked about this activity for the entire school year – stating it was one of the best school activities in which they had ever participated.
Now, with so many related activities online, I would have offered (and can offer future students with similar interests) the following activities as part of this learning menu:
Online Interactive
Videos
The Known Universe by AMNH
The Grand scale of the Universe
Artistic Interpretations
. . . and for the more artistic and mathematics oriented learners, here is a TED talk:
part of the transcript:
And here is a similar sculpture. That’s the Sun at that end. And then in a series of 55 balls, it reduces, proportionately, each ball and the spaces between them, reduce proportionately, until they get down to this little Earth. This one is about the Moon. And then the distance to the Earth, in proportion also. This is a little stone ball, floating. As you can see the little tether, that it’s also magnetically levitated.
And then this is the first part of — this is 109 spheres, since the Sun is 109 times the diameter of the Earth. And so this is the size of the Sun. And then each of these little spheres is the size of the Earth in proportion to the Sun. It’s made up of 16 concentric shells.
Jackie Gerstein, Ed.D.
User Generated Education 